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American campaign slogan

Trump's "Make America Great Once more!" sign used during his 2016 presidential campaign before Trump selected Mike Pence as his vice presidential running mate

"Make America Great Again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential campaign. Ronald Reagan used the like slogan "Let's Make America Great Again" in his successful 1980 presidential entrada. Bill Clinton also used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential campaign and used information technology again in a radio commercial aired for his married woman Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful 2008 presidential primary entrada. Douglas Schoen has chosen Trump'southward use of the phrase "probably the nearly resonant campaign slogan in contempo history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the country was in turn down.[2] [3]

The slogan became a pop culture phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, amusement and politics, being used past those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the United States, regarding it equally dog-whistle politics and coded linguistic communication.[4] [five] [vi] [7] The slogan was also at the heart of ii events originally reported inaccurately in well-nigh media outlets, the Jussie Smollett attack hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [9] [10] [eleven]

Use before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was first used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a speech at the 3rd session of the 76th United States Congress in anticipation of the 1940 United states presidential election: "What is the manner? Here is America. There are 130,000,000 of us. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, capital, and management; who can give the man of enterprise encouragement, who can give them the spirit which will beget vision. That volition make America great again."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was found in some advertisement associated with Barry Goldwater'southward unsuccessful 1964 presidential campaign.[thirteen]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Let'southward make America groovy once more" was famously used in Ronald Reagan'southward 1980 presidential entrada. At the fourth dimension the United States was suffering from a worsening economic system at domicile marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the country's economical distress every bit a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism among the electorate.[14] [15] [xvi] [17] Inside his acceptance speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without chore opportunities, nosotros'll stimulate new opportunities, particularly in the inner cities where they alive. For those who've abandoned hope, we'll restore hope and we'll welcome them into a nifty national crusade to make America neat again."[18] [19]

Beak Clinton [edit]

The phrase was also used in speeches[20] past Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton also used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton'south 2008 presidential primary campaign.[22]

During the 2016 balloter campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used equally a campaign rallying weep, was a bulletin to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "requite y'all an economic system yous had 50 years ago, and... move you lot back up on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell'due south book about her unsuccessful 2010 bid equally the Republican nominee for a The states Senate seat in Delaware was published by St. Martin's Press on August xvi, 2011, as Troublemaker: Let's Do What Information technology Takes to Make America Smashing Again.[24]

Use by Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Make America Slap-up Over again" cap during his 2016 presidential campaign

In December 2011, Trump made a statement in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running as a presidential candidate in the future, explaining "I must leave all of my options open up because, to a higher place all else, we must make America smashing over again."[25] Also in Dec 2011, he published a book using as a subtitle the like phrase "Making America #1 Once more" – which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Make America Bang-up Again!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Make America Great Again" past stitching it onto his widely distributed cap

On Jan 1, 2012, a group of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of State's office to create the "Brand America Great Again Party", which would have allowed Trump to exist that party'south nominee if he had decided to get a third-party candidate in the 2012 presidential election.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November 7, 2012, the twenty-four hours after Barack Obama won his reelection against Paw Romney. By his own account, Trump showtime considered "We Will Make America Groovy", merely did not experience like information technology had the right "ring" to it. "Brand America Great" was his next slogan idea, merely upon further reflection, he felt that information technology was a slight to America because information technology unsaid that America was never groovy. Afterward selecting "Brand America Great Again", Trump immediately had an attorney register information technology. (Trump later said he was unaware of Reagan'south use in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark it.")[28] On November 12 he signed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office requesting exclusive rights to employ the slogan for political purposes. It was registered as a service marker on July 14, 2015, afterwards Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the awarding.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public as early as August 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Banner displaying "Vote To Make America Nifty Again" on a roadside in California shortly later on the November 2016 election

Trump wearing a "Proceed America Groovy" chapeau in Dec 2019

During the 2016 entrada, Trump oft used the slogan, especially by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which soon became popular amidst his supporters.[32] The slogan was so important to the entrada that at ane bespeak it spent more on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television receiver commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that apocryphal versions outnumbered the real hat ten to one. "...but it was a slogan, and every time somebody buys one, that'south an advertisement."[28]

Following Trump's election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Keep America Great" and he sought to trademark it.[28] [34] Withal, Trump's 2020 entrada continued to apply the "Make America Great Once more" slogan.[35] Trump's vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "brand America great over again, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention speech, garnering ridicule.[36] In late 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was as well mocked.[37]

Less than a week afterwards Trump left office, he spoke to advisors well-nigh perchance establishing a third political party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Brand America Great Once more Political party". In his first few days out of function, he likewise supported Arizona country party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who likewise called for the creation of a "MAGA Political party". In late January 2021, the one-time president viewed the proposed MAGA Party as leverage to forbid Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[38] [39]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the entrada slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself by tweeting "My use of social media is non Presidential – it'due south Modernistic DAY PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Nifty Again!" on July 1, 2017.[forty]

In the first half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[41] In an article for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression assay suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a post'southward retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the boilerplate Trump tweet attracts a total of 107,000."[41]

Trump attributed his victory (in office) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 ballot with interviews, speeches, and social media."[42] According to RiteTag,[43] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: ane,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and 3,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[43]

Donald Trump gear up up his Twitter business relationship in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly post-obit the declaration (June 16, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with particularly notable spikes occurring afterward his securing the Republican Political party nomination (May 3, 2016) and afterwards winning the presidency.[44]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its use since 2015, it is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Phonation of America journalist, among others,[5] [half-dozen] explained how it is a loaded phrase because it "doesn't merely entreatment to people who hear information technology as racist coded language, but too to those who take felt a loss of condition as other groups have become more empowered."[4] Every bit Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan at present resonates equally America First did in the early 1940s, with the thought "that the true version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before it was diluted with other races and other people."[45]

Writing opinion for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[w]earing a 'Make America Peachy Again' lid is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. Only if you wear one, information technology's a pretty skilful indication that you share, admire or appreciate President Trump'south racist views about Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[six] The Detroit Free Printing and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this label and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more than in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[46] [47] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan every bit "fabled", writing: "It was vague plenty to appeal to optimists more often than not, while leaving enough of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that nosotros were finally going back to the days when they ran the earth."[48] Polling has shown that about ten percent of black voters identified as Trump supporters,[49] [ non-primary source needed ] while virtually thirty percent of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[50] [ better source needed ]

Employ by others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and Merely Liberals – Can Win the War on Terror and Make America Not bad Again [51] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Iraq and early years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book about her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Let'due south Do What Information technology Takes To Make America Great Again.[52]

Afterward Donald Trump popularized the use of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of information technology were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump's main opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Great Again" in speeches, inciting Trump to ship terminate-and-desist letters to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Brand Trump Argue Over again", in response to Trump's boycotting the Iowa January 28, 2016 debate.[53] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such as "Make America United mexican states Again", a critique of Trump'south immigration policies regarding the U.Due south.–Mexico border.[54] [55]

Use by political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that great" during a September 2018 neb signing.[56] [57] Former US Attorney Full general Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did you think America was great?"[58] [59] During John McCain'south memorial service on September 1, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no demand to be made great again because America was e'er great."[60] Trump subsequently tweeted "MAKE AMERICA Dandy Over again!" later that day.[61]

Use by hate groups [edit]

A 2018 study using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were ordinarily used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used as "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[62]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The terminal sentence of the speech delivered past him was "make our planet great over again."[63]

During his entrada for the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in October 2018, former opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Republic of indonesia swell again", though he denied having copied Trump.[64]

During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Autonomous Political party used the slogan "Brand EU Lagom Again".[65] [66]

February 2019 Fridays for Hereafter protest in Berlin with the line "Make Globe Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Future Movement have oft used slogans like "Make Earth Greta Again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[67] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary film named Make the World Greta Once more.[68]

In popular culture [edit]

Rap-rock supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Make America Rage Again" stage backdrop reminiscent of the "Brand America Bully Again" catchphrase as it appears on a MAGA chapeau

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Developed entertainment [edit]

  • Adult moving picture star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an matter with President Trump, took part in a "Make America Horny Once more" strip club tour. The tour followed Trump's initial 2016 entrada trail and part of the acquirement was donated to Planned Parenthood.[69]

Advertising [edit]

  • A Douse-a-roos marketing entrada used the slogan "Make America Dunk Over again".[lxx]

Artwork [edit]

  • Brand Everything Great Again was a street art mural by artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[71] [72]

Comedy [edit]

  • Comedian David Cross's 2016 stand-up tour was titled "Making America Great Once more".[73]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers challenge an clan with Adult Swim and Cartoon Network, and dressed equally the Globe Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, wore "Brand FishCenter Great Over again" hats.[74] [75] [76]

Fashion [edit]

  • Fashion Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Great Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to design a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to wear on Red Carpet eastward.m. 2017 Grammy Awards.[77]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Not bad Again" to Sergeant Nicholas Angel.[78]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Brand England Great Once again" fez hat in i scene.[79]
  • The Syfy picture show Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Allurement Once more".[80]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Election Twelvemonth (2016) is "Go along America Great" (a phrase Trump would later use as his 2020 campaign slogan); one of the TV spots for the picture featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with one stating he does so "to proceed my country [America] dandy".[81] The side by side film in the franchise, The Showtime Purge, was later advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA hat.[82]
  • The graphic symbol Paul in Da v Bloods is an gorging Trump supporter and sports a MAGA hat throughout the film.[83]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin'due south Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Make Athens Not bad Again" during his campaign confronting Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat 11 (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombat11 newcomer Kollector to "make Outworld smashing once again".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Make America Nazi-Free Again" in its marketing entrada.[84]
  • In Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Brand America Keen Again" during his voice communication while battling Raiden.[85]

Music [edit]

  • Fall Out Boy released a remix of their album American Beauty/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Again.[86]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 called Thou.A.T.A, significant Make America Trap Over again.[87]
  • Make America Stone Once more was a rock concert tour.[88]
  • Rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Loma, chosen their 2017 nationwide tour the "Make America Rage Once more Tour", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA chapeau.
  • UK musician and author James Kennedy released a rock protest album in 2020 called 'Brand Anger Great Once more'[89]
  • Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Brand America Crip Once more".[90]
  • Frank Turner released a song chosen "Brand America Neat Again" on his anthology Be More Kind (2018).
  • Singer Joy Villa produced a unmarried "Make America Great Once more" a few months after actualization at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' apparel.[91]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a hat maxim Make America Skate again in Chance the Rapper'southward video No Problem
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Make America Trap Again (2019), with comprehend fine art inspired by the Barack Obama "Promise" poster.[92]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Anarchism released a vocal titled Brand America Great Once again.[93]
  • Metal ring Thy Art Is Murder released a song called "Brand America Hate Again" on their anthology Man Target (2019). They as well sell a chapeau with the slogan "Brand Deathcore Great Again".

Sports [edit]

  • Then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a chapeau saying "Make Baseball Fun Again" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Author Octavia E. Butler used "Make America Great Again" as the presidential campaign slogan for a character, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[94] Jarret is described every bit "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled religion and government together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[95]
  • Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Date Again",[96] a satirical book on dating and relationships.

Television [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his prove Concluding Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original bequeathed name of the Trump family.[97] [98] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 million views.[98]
  • In the South Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a entrada that is a parody of Trump's, are seen holding signs bearing the slogan.[99]
  • In the Star Expedition: Discovery episode "What's By Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "make the Empire glorious over again", a line that was compared to Trump past many reviewers.[100] [101] [102] [103]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[ane]

References [edit]

  1. ^ The Telegraph (May 30, 2020). Donald Trump: 'MAGA loves the black people' responding to race protests (YouTube video). Event occurs at 0:00.
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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

blakelytherip.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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